Genetic code matrix

Mutation costs for amino acids

          A  S  G  L  K  V  T  P  E  D  N  I  Q  R  F  Y  C  H  M  W  Z  B  X
Ala  = A  O  1  1  2  2  1  1  1  1  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2
Ser  = S  1  O  1  1  2  2  1  1  2  2  1  1  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  1  2  2  2
Gly  = G  1  1  0  2  2  1  2  2  1  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  2
Leu  = L  2  1  2  0  2  1  2  1  2  2  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  1  1  1  2  2  2
Lys  = K  2  2  2  2  0  2  1  2  1  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  2  2  1  2  1  2  2
Val  = V  1  2  1  1  2  0  2  2  1  1  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  2
Thr  = T  1  1  2  2  1  2  0  1  2  2  1  1  2  1  2  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  2
Pro  = P  1  1  2  1  2  2  1  0  2  2  2  2  1  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  2  2
Glu  - E  1  2  1  2  1  1  2  2  0  1  2  2  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  2  2
Asp  = D  1  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  1  O  1  2  2  2  2  1  2  1  2  2  2  1  2
Asn  = N  2  1  2  2  1  2  1  2  2  1  O  1  2  2  2  1  2  1  2  2  2  1  2
Ile  = I  2  1  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  2  1  0  2  1  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  2
Gln  = Q  2  2  2  1  1  2  2  1  1  2  2  2  0  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  1  2  2
Arg  = R  2  1  1  1  1  2  1  1  2  2  2  1  1  0  2  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  2
Phe  = F  2  1  2  1  2  1  2  2  2  2  2  1  2  2  0  1  1  2  2  2  2  2  2
Tyr  = Y  2  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  1  2  2  2  1  O  1  1  3  2  2  1  2
Cys  = C  2  1  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  1  1  0  2  2  1  2  2  2
His  = H  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  1  2  1  1  2  1  1  2  1  2  0  2  2  2  1  2
Met  = M  2  2  2  1  1  1  1  2  2  2  2  1  2  1  2  3  2  2  0  2  2  2  2
Trp  = W  2  1  1  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  0  2  2  2
Glx  = Z  2  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  2  2
Asx  = B  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  1  1  2  2  2  2  1  2  1  2  2  2  1  2
???  = X  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2

The table is generated by calculating the minimum number of base changes required to convert an amino acid in row i to an amino acid in column j. Note Met->Tyr is the only change that requires all 3 codon positions to change.

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